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     According to literature, the stylistic innovation in painting known as Post- Impressionism  began  in  the  1880’s.  Unlike  the Impressionism, the Post-Impressionism did not concentrate on the play of light over objects,  people, and  nature,  breaking  up  seemingly solid surfaces, stressing vivid contrast between  colors  in  sunlight and shade, and depiction reflected light inall of  its  possibilities. Instead,  the  new  style wanted to depict what they saw in nature by  pursuing  a  more  personal  and  spiritual  expression.  The Post-Impressionists  did  not  want to observe the world from indoors. Like earlier Impressionists, they  abandoned  the studio,  painting  in  the  open  air and recording  spontaneous   impressions  of  their  subjects  instead  of  making outside  sketches   and  then  moving  indoors  to  complete  the  work  form memory.

 

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     Post-Impressionism was a movement in France that not only represented an  extension of.Impressionism,  but also a  rejection of that style’s inherent limitations.  Of  all  the  painters  in  the  Post-Impressionism, Paul Cézanne, Georges Seurat, Paul Gauguin,  Vincent van Gogh,  and  Henri  de  Toulouse-Lautrec are the most famous ones.

 



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     The Post-Impressionists often presented their workstogether,  but, unlike the Impressionists,who began  as a close-knit, convivial group, they painted mainly alone.  Cézanne  painted  in.solation in southern France; his solitude  was  matched  by  that  of  Paul  Gauguin,  who in 1891.took up residence in Tahiti, and  of  van  Gogh, who  painted  in  the  countryside  at Arles. Both Gauguin and  van  Gogh rejected the indifferent objectivity of Impressionism in favour  of  amore   personal,   spiritual   expression.  In 1 886,  Gauguin renounced “the  abominable  error  of  naturalism.” Also,  Gauguin sought a simpler truth and purer aesthetic in art;turning away from the sophisticated, urban  art   world   of  Paris,  he  instead   looked   for   inspiration   in  rural communities  with  more  traditional  values.  The  Dutch  painter  van Gogh quickly  adapted Impressionist  techniques  and color to express his acutely felt emotions after his arrival inParis. But later, he conveyed his emotionally charged and ecstatic responses to the natural and scape bytransforming the contrasting  short  brush strokes of Impressionism into curving,vibrant lines of color, exaggerated even beyond Impressionist brilliance.

      The Post-Impressionism  not  only  led  away from a naturalistic approach but also developed the two major movements of early 20th-century:Cubism and Fauvism. Therefore, the works of the Post-Impressionists could be called as  a  basis  for  several  contemporary  trends  and  for  early  20th-century modernism.
   
1. What view of painting in the nineteenth century do these paragraphs mainly discuss?
  (A) The impact of the new style of art to the modern life
(B) A new innovation in the materials used by artists
(C) The differences between two major styles of art
(D) A new style of art extended from Impressionism
   
2. The word “vivid” in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) glaring
(B) dingy
(C) dull
(D) cheerful
   
3. According to the passage, which of the following was one of the characteristics of Post-
  Impressionist painting?
(A) The depiction of the reflection of light and color
(B) The pursuance of personal and spiritual expression
(C) The focus on vivid contrast between colors in sunlight in shade
(D) The painters painted together
   
4. The famous painters of Post-Impressionism in all of the following EXCEPT?
(A) Paul Cézanne
(B) Vincent van Gogh
(C) Claude Monet
(D) Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
   
5. The author mentions Gauguin in line 24 to give an example of an artist who
  (A) became as famous as Cézanne
(B) held exhibitions consistently in Paris
(C) transformed the contrasting short brushstrokes of Impressionism into curving
(D) was in favor of a more personal, spiritual expression


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